AI Coding Live News

Forever Security: a web-planted AGENTS.md in ~/Downloads hijacked Codex into installing npm malware in 90%+ of tests; a CLAUDE.md variant leaks Claude Code OAuth tokens about half the time

On Oct 22, Forever Security researchers Gal Weizman and Omer Samet reported that they had stopped Codex on a real customer machine as it tried to install the known-malicious npm package function-color, following an AGENTS.md in ~/Downloads the customer had never seen. A web page can drop a file into Downloads with no click, and an agent started there obeys it. In their reproduction Codex rewrote the machine-wide ~/.codex/config.toml to register a malicious MCP server in more than 90% of attempts; a CLAUDE.md they crafted made Claude Code point ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL at an attacker server and leak its OAuth token about half the time. The researchers say there is no vendor bug to patch; The Hacker News and others covered it on Oct 26.

Key Takeaways

  • Real case: a 13 KB AGENTS.md disguised as engineering guidelines sat in a customer's ~/Downloads and told Codex to install the malicious package function-color (since removed by npm)
  • Codex path: it appends a project-tools MCP server to the machine-wide ~/.codex/config.toml, then spawns a child codex exec with --dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox; it worked in over 90% of tests and the server then loads in every session on the machine
  • Claude Code path: a CLAUDE.md gets ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL written into .claude/settings.json about 50% of the time, leaking the OAuth token on every request; about a fifth of the time it also reached code execution in the same session
  • Forever's telemetry shows about half of customers run a coding agent inside Downloads, and about a quarter of agent sessions open a real browser
  • Advice: never start an agent in Downloads, read AGENTS.md/CLAUDE.md files you did not write, check agent configs for unknown MCP servers or API endpoints, keep approvals and sandboxes on, and rotate tokens if you find one (write-up)
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First Empirical Study on Agent Skill Evolution Reveals Concrete Rules in SKILL.md Boost Agent Correctness

In modern coding agent ecosystems (such as Claude Code, Cursor, Cline, and Antigravity), Agent Skills—specialized instruction files like SKILL.md and CLAUDE.md that dictate project architecture, commands, and rules—are continuously revised by developers alongside source code. Yet the concrete impact of these revisions on agent behavior and inference cost has remained largely unquantified. In a comprehensive empirical audit (arXiv:2610.04832), researchers analyze 2,608 first/last revision pairs across 3,159 Skills to measure the effects of revisions across 21 foundation models and four sandboxed coding agents. The study reveals that 55% of revisions alter specific rules or procedures. Adding a concrete rule raises compliance in single answers by +0.41 across open-weight models, increases required action adherence by +0.23 across sandboxed agents, and improves final task correctness by +0.10 in blind evaluations. Critically, these gains are overwhelmingly driven by rules that specify explicit CLI commands or exact file paths, whereas abstract stylistic guidance offers negligible lift. The paper also documents the performance and token trade-offs of dynamic on-demand skill loading.

Key Takeaways

  • First empirical study on Agent Skill evolution audits 3,159 Skills and 2,608 revisions across 21 models and 4 agents
  • Adding a concrete rule raises compliance by +0.41, sandbox action execution by +0.23, and final correctness by +0.10
  • Performance gains stem almost entirely from explicit commands and paths; dynamic on-demand loading retains 51% of efficacy
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CrowdStrike: attacker used open-source AI pentest agent ARTEX plus Claude Code to breach South Korean financial firms

CrowdStrike Intelligence found Claude Code session histories, ARTEX configs and a CLAUDE.md in attacker open directories, showing a likely Chinese-speaking, financially motivated actor used the China-built open-source agentic pentest framework ARTEX (DeepSeek v4.1-flash primary, plus GLM-5.3 and Grok 4.6) to breach loan-inquiry and employee mobile systems at South Korean financial institutions from late September to early October 2026.

Key Takeaways

  • Window: late Sep to early Oct 2026; CrowdStrike attribution is moderate confidence, no named adversary
  • Model stack: DeepSeek v4.1-flash as ARTEX primary backend via likely reseller xcai[.]pro; GLM-5.3 and Grok 4.6 in Claude Code sessions
  • IOCs: 1 actor-controlled IP (38.244.50[.]120) plus 9 proxy IPs, with MITRE ATT&CK mapping
  • Reported impact: Shinhan 25,729 customers, Hana 89, Yegaram ~40,000 (press reports)
  • The upstream Autumn-27/ARTEX GitHub repo now returns 404
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Claude Code 2.1.283: availableModelsMatch/deniedModels controls, gateway prompt-id headers, /doctor prompt-audit

Claude Code v2.1.283 (2026-09-25) adds availableModelsMatch=exact and deniedModels for managed model allow/deny lists, opt-in x-claude-code-prompt-id gateway hint headers, /doctor prompt-audit for CLAUDE.md/skills/agents/commands, plus Bedrock Mantle upstream and load_test_mode on the Apps Gateway. npm @anthropic-ai/claude-code 2.1.283 is live.

Claude Code 2.1.283: availableModelsMatch/deniedModels controls, gateway prompt-id headers, /doctor prompt-audit

Key Takeaways

  • Shipped: GitHub v2.1.283 = npm @anthropic-ai/[email protected]
  • Governance: availableModelsMatch=exact pins exact model versions; deniedModels blocks models even if allowlisted
  • Observability: CLAUDE_CODE_GATEWAY_HINT_HEADERS=1 adds x-claude-code-prompt-id; OTEL_LOG_TOOL_CONTENT=1 logs tool outputs on spans
  • Audit: /doctor prompt-audit (alias /checkup) reviews CLAUDE.md, skills, agents, commands for older-model patterns
  • Gateway: Bedrock Mantle upstream + opt-in load_test_mode for signed canned replies
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Claude Code 2.1.277: read AGENTS.md when CLAUDE.md is missing

Anthropic staff announced that Claude Code 2.1.277 adds AGENTS.md support: if a project folder has no CLAUDE.md, Claude reads AGENTS.md for project instructions, toggleable under Project instructions in /config. The official changelog lists about 87 CLI changes, including fixing silent hangs in claude -p and Agent SDK sessions after internal errors. The feature is not yet available on Bedrock, Vertex, or Foundry.

Key Takeaways

  • From 2.1.277, Claude reads AGENTS.md when CLAUDE.md is absent; toggle under /config Project instructions.
  • Lets teams share AGENTS.md with tools like Codex instead of maintaining two instruction files.
  • Also fixes silent hangs in claude -p / Agent SDK; notes at github.com/anthropics/claude-code/releases/tag/v2.1.277.
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